I-Welding yinkqubo apho iintlobo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zezinto ezifanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo zidityaniswa ngokudibanisa kunye nokusasazwa phakathi kweathom okanye iimolekyuli.
Indlela yokukhuthaza ukudibanisa kunye nokusasazwa phakathi kweathom kunye neemolekyuli kukufudumeza okanye ukucinezela, okanye ukufudumeza kunye nokucinezela ngaxeshanye.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-welding
I-Metal welding inokwahlulwa ibe yi-fusion welding, i-welding yoxinzelelo kunye ne-brazing ngokweempawu zenkqubo yayo
Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa i-welding, ukuba i-atmosphere idibene ngokuthe ngqo ne-high-temperature pool etyhidiweyo, i-oksijini esemoyeni iya kwenza isinyithi kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy.I-nitrogen kunye nomphunga wamanzi kwi-atmosphere iya kungena kwi-pool etyhidiweyo, kwaye iziphene ezifana ne-pores, i-slag inclusions kunye neentanda ziya kwenziwa kwi-weld ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa elandelayo, eya kuphazamisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwe-weld.
Ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho we-welding, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ziye zaphuhliswa.Ngokomzekelo, i-gas shielded arc welding kukuba ihlukanise i-atmosphere kunye ne-argon, i-carbon dioxide kunye nezinye iigesi ukukhusela i-arc kunye ne-pool rate ngexesha le-welding;Ngokomzekelo, xa udibanisa insimbi, ukongeza i-ferrotitanium powder kunye ne-oksijeni ephezulu kwi-coating ye-electrode ye-deoxidation inokukhusela izinto ezincedo ezifana ne-manganese kunye ne-silicon kwi-electrode kwi-oxidation kwaye ingene kwi-pool etyhidiweyo, kwaye ifumane i-welds esemgangathweni emva kokupholisa.
Uhlobo lwebhentshi umatshini welding ebandayo
Isici esiqhelekileyo seendlela ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo lwe-welding kukusebenzisa uxinzelelo ngexesha le-welding ngaphandle kokuzalisa izinto.Uninzi lweendlela ze-welding zoxinzelelo, ezinje nge-diffusion welding, i-high-frequency welding kunye ne-high-frequency welding and cold pressure welding, ayinayo inkqubo yokunyibilika, ngoko ke akukho ngxaki zifana nokunyibilika kwe-welding, njengokutshiswa kwezinto eziluncedo ze-alloy kunye nokuhlasela kwezinto eziyingozi kwi-weld. yenza lula inkqubo ye-welding kwaye iphucule ukhuseleko kunye neemeko zempilo ze-welding.Ngexesha elifanayo, ngenxa yokuba ubushushu bokufudumala buphantsi kunelo lokudibanisa i-welding kunye nexesha lokufudumala lifutshane, indawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa incinci.Izinto ezininzi ekunzima ukuba zidityaniswe ngokudityaniswa kwe-welding zinokusoloko zicinezeleka zibe zidityanisiweyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye namandla afanayo nesiseko sesinyithi.
Umdibaniso owenziwe ngexesha lokudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa imizimba emibini edibeneyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-weld.Ngexesha le-welding, macala omabini e-weld aya kuchaphazeleka ngokushisa kwe-welding, kwaye isakhiwo kunye neempawu ziya kutshintsha.Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yindawo echaphazelekayo kubushushu.Ngexesha le-welding, i-workpiece material, i-welding material kunye ne-welding current iyahluka.Ukonakaliswa kwe-weldability, kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa iimeko ze-welding.Ukushisa kwangaphambili, ukugcinwa kobushushu ngexesha lokutshisa kunye ne-post welding yonyango lokushisa kwi-interface ye-weldment phambi kwe-welding inokuphucula umgangatho we-welding weldment.
Ukongeza, i-welding yinkqubo yokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kwendawo kunye nokupholisa.Indawo ye-welding ayikwazi ukwandisa kunye nekhontrakthi ngokukhululekile ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa komzimba ojikelezayo we-workpiece.Emva kokupholisa, uxinzelelo lwe-welding kunye nokuguqulwa kuya kwenzeka kwi-weldment.Iimveliso ezibalulekileyo kufuneka ziphelise uxinzelelo lwe-welding kunye ne-welding deformation echanekileyo emva kwe-welding.
Itekhnoloji ye-welding yanamhlanje iye yakwazi ukuvelisa ii-welds ezingenazo iziphene zangaphakathi nangaphandle kunye neepropathi zoomatshini ezilinganayo okanye ezingaphezulu kunezo zomzimba odibeneyo.Isikhundla esijongeneyo somzimba odityanisiweyo kwisithuba sibizwa ngokuba yi-welded joint.Amandla okudibanisa akachaphazeli kuphela umgangatho we-weld, kodwa uhambelana nejometri yayo, ubungakanani, uxinzelelo kunye neemeko zokusebenza.Iindlela ezisisiseko zamalungu ziquka i-butt joint, i-lap joint, i-T-joint (i-positive joint) kunye ne-joint joint.
Imilo enqamlezileyo ye-butt joint weld ixhomekeke kubukhulu bomzimba odityanisiweyo phambi kwe-welding kunye nefom ye-groove yeencam ezimbini ezidibanisayo.Xa welding iipleyiti zentsimbi ezityebileyo, iigrooves zeemilo ezahlukeneyo ziya kusikwa emiphethweni ukuze kungene, ukuze iintonga zokuwelda okanye iingcingo zikwazi ukutyiswa lula.Xa ukhetha ifom ye-groove, ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukungena ngokupheleleyo, izinto ezifana ne-welding efanelekileyo, isinyithi esincinci sokuzalisa, i-deformation encinci ye-welding kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokucubungula i-groove kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Xa iipleyiti ezimbini zentsimbi ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo zithotywa, ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo olukhulu olubangelwa lutshintsho olubukhali kwindawo enqamlezileyo, umphetho wepleyiti etyebileyo uhlala ucuthwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuze ufikelele ubukhulu obulinganayo kwimiphetho edibeneyo.Amandla angatshintshiyo kunye namandla okudinwa kwamalungu empundu aphezulu kunamanye amalungu.I-Welding ye-butt joint idla ngokukhethwa ukudibanisa phantsi kokutshintshwa kunye nemithwalo yempembelelo okanye kubushushu obuphantsi kunye neenqanawa ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Umdibaniso we-lap kulula ukuwulungiselela ngaphambi kwe-welding, kulula ukudibanisa, kunye nokuncinci kwi-welding deformation kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.Ngako oko, isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo zokufakela indawo kunye nezakhiwo ezingabalulekanga.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-lap joints ayifanelekanga ukusebenza phantsi komthwalo otshintshanayo, i-corrosive medium, ubushushu obuphezulu okanye ubushushu obuphantsi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-T-joints kunye ne-angle joints ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yeemfuno zesakhiwo.Iimpawu zokusebenza ze-fillet welds ezingaphelelanga kwii-T-joints zifana nezo ze-lap joints.Xa i-weld i-perpendicular ukuya kwicala lamandla angaphandle, iba yi-weld ye-fillet yangaphambili, kwaye ukuma komphezulu we-weld kuya kubangela uxinzelelo loxinzelelo kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo;Uxinzelelo lwe-fillet weld kunye nokungena okupheleleyo kufana nelo lokuhlangana kwe-butt.
Umthamo wokuthwala umdibaniso wekona uphantsi, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo awusetyenziswanga yedwa.Inokuphuculwa kuphela xa kukho ukungena ngokupheleleyo okanye xa kukho i-fillet welds ngaphakathi nangaphandle.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwikona yesakhiwo esivaliweyo.
Iimveliso ezidityanisiweyo zikhaphukhaphu kunezahlulo ezijijekileyo, ii-castings kunye ne-forgings, ezinokunciphisa ubunzima bokufa kunye nokugcina amandla kwizithuthi zokuhamba.I-welding inepropathi efanelekileyo yokutywina kwaye ifanelekile ukwenza izikhongozeli ezahlukeneyo.Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokucubungula ngokudibeneyo, edibanisa i-welding kunye ne-forging kunye ne-casting, inokwenza ubungakanani obukhulu, uqoqosho kunye nolwakhiwo olufanelekileyo kunye nezakhiwo ze-welding kunye nezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ze-welding, kunye neenzuzo eziphezulu zoqoqosho.Inkqubo ye-welding inokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izinto eziphathekayo, kunye nesakhiwo se-welding sinokusebenzisa izinto ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba unike umdlalo opheleleyo kwiinzuzo zezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nokufezekisa uqoqosho kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.I-Welding iye yaba yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu yokucubungula kwishishini lanamhlanje.
Kwinkqubo yesinyithi yanamhlanje, i-welding yaphuhliswa emva kokuphoswa kunye nokwenza, kodwa yakhula ngokukhawuleza.Ubunzima bezakhiwo ezidibeneyo bubalelwa malunga ne-45% yemveliso yentsimbi, kwaye umlinganiselo we-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloy welded structures nazo zanda.
Kwinkqubo yokuwelda kwixesha elizayo, kwelinye icala, iindlela ezintsha zokuwelda, izixhobo zokuwelda kunye nezixhobo zokuwelda kufuneka ziphuhliswe ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi umgangatho wokuwelda kunye nokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka, njengokuphucula imithombo yamandla ekhoyo efana ne-arc, i-plasma arc, i-electron. umqadi kunye ne-laser;Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-elektroniki kunye neteknoloji yokulawula, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-arc, kunye nokuphuhlisa indlela yokulandelela i-arc ethembekileyo kunye nokukhanya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka siphucule umgangatho we-welding mechanization kunye ne-automation, njengokuphunyezwa kolawulo lweprogram kunye nokulawulwa kwedijithali koomatshini be-welding;Ukuphuhlisa umatshini okhethekileyo we-welding owenza ngokuzenzekelayo yonke inkqubo ukusuka kwinkqubo yokulungiselela, i-welding ukuya ekubekweni kweliso umgangatho;Kumgca wemveliso we-welding ngokuzenzekelayo, ukukhuthazwa kunye nokwandiswa kwamanani eerobhothi zokuwelda kunye neerobhothi zokuwelda kunokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso ye-welding kunye nokuphucula impilo kunye neemeko zokhuseleko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-02-2022