1. Imiba efuna ingqalelo ekuphononongeni iwaranti ye-welding material
I-Welding Material Warranty Book ibaluleke kakhulu njengoxwebhu olubhaliweyo kunye nerekhodi yokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding.Izinto ze-welding kufuneka zihlolwe ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.Incwadi yewaranti yezinto ze-welding ilingana "nengcaciso yokuhambisa" enikezelwa ngumenzi wezinto ezivuthayo kumsebenzisi, kwaye umxholo wayo kufuneka uchaneke kwaye uphelele.
Okwangoku, baninzi abavelisi abasebenzisa i-welding yasekhaya, kwaye umgangatho weemveliso zabo uyahluka.Ubume kunye nomxholo wamaxwebhu ewaranti yemveliso nawo ahlukile.Kwiinjineli ze-welding okanye iinjineli ezisemgangathweni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga amaxwebhu ewaranti.
Eli nqaku lithatha iwaranti esemgangathweni ye-AWS njengomzekelo wokwazisa ngokufutshane amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka aqatshelwe xa uphonononga iwaranti.
1) Inombolo esemgangathweni ihambelana nemodeli ye-welding material
Onke amaxabiso kwimigangatho esetyenziswayo ye-welding yaseMelika yahlulahlulwe ngokweenkqubo zobukhosi kunye neemetric, kwaye inkqubo yemetric yongezwa nge "M" emva kwenombolo esemgangathweni.
Umzekelo, i-arc welding wire entywiliselwayo i-AWS A 5.17 / AWS A 5.17M
Le yindlela echanekileyo yokubhala, inombolo esemgangathweni yi-imperial, kwaye imodeli ikwayi-imperial.
2) Umgangatho wokuphunyezwa kwencwadi yewaranti kufuneka ihambelane nemfuno yangempela (umyalelo wokuthenga)
Ukuba izinto ezisetyenziswayo ze-welding zaseMelika ziyafuneka, oku kubhalwa ngasentla akuchanekanga kwaye akunakulingana nomgangatho waseMelika, kuba amaxabiso asemgangathweni okanye iindlela zovavanyo zemigangatho eyahlukeneyo zahlukile.
3) Ukubonakaliswa kwamaxabiso asemgangathweni kunye nemilinganiselo yovavanyo
Oku ngasentla lixabiso lencwadi yewaranti yaseMelika ephantsi kwamanzi e-arc welding wire, kodwa umgangatho wokuphunyezwa kwincwadi yewaranti yi-AWS A 5.17.Ukusuka kwinani eliqhelekileyo, kunokubonwa ukuba onke amaxabiso kufuneka abe ngesiNgesi.Nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso asemgangathweni kunye nedatha yovavanyo kwincwadi yewaranti ikwinkqubo yemetric, ekucacileyo ukuba ayibekwanga emgangathweni.
Ngokomzekelo, iqondo lokushisa lempembelelo ye-F7A2-EH14 kufuneka libe ngu-20 ° F, eli--28.8 ° C kuCelsius, kodwa ixabiso eliqhelekileyo ngu-30 ° C.
Ngokusekelwe kwezi zizathu zingasentla, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iinjineli zijonge ukuba kukho "M" kwinani eliqhelekileyo xa uphonononga incwadi yewaranti.Kuphela ngokuchazwa kwencwadi yewaranti inokufakwa ucingo lwe-welding kwimveliso yangempela.
2. Iikhrayitheriya zokwamkelwa kwembonakalo yenkcazo nganye
(1) Iikhrayitheriya zokwamkelwa kwenkangeleko esemgangathweni
(1) EN inkangeleko esemgangathweni yokwamkelwa imilinganiselo
-EXC1 umgangatho weklasi D;
- EXC2 Ngokubanzi, umgangatho weklasi C,
- EXC3 umgangatho weklasi B;
— EXC4 Udidi loMgangatho B+, nto leyo ethetha iimfuno ezongezelelweyo ngokwesiseko somgangatho wodidi B
(2) Iikhrayitheriya zoKwamkeleka koMgangatho we-AWS
Iimfuno zeprofayili ye-Weld
Umgangatho wokuhlola obonakalayo
Imiqathango yoKwamkeleka kwiintlobo zokuQhuba kunye noHlolo
umthwalo omileyo
umthwalo webhayisekile
(1) Iintanda azivumelekanga
Nakuphi na ukuqhekeka, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani okanye indawo, akwamkelekanga.
X
X
(2) I-Weld / isiseko se-metal fusion
Kufuneka kubekho ukudityaniswa okupheleleyo phakathi kweeleya ezimeleneyo zeweld naphakathi kwentsimbi yeweld kunye nesiseko sentsimbi.
X
X
(3) I-arc crater cross section
Zonke ii-arc craters kufuneka zizaliswe kubungakanani obuchaziweyo be-weld, ngaphandle kwasekupheleni kwe-intermittent fillet welds ezidlula ubude obusebenzayo be-intermittent fillet weld.
X
X
(4) Imilo yeprofayile ye weld
Ubume beprofayile yeWeld kufuneka ihambelane ne "Pass and Fail Weld Profile Shape (AWSD1.1-2000)"
X
X
(5) Ixesha lokuhlola
Ukuhlolwa okubonwayo kwazo zonke iintsimbi zentsimbi kunokuqala nje ukuba i-weld egqityiweyo ipholile kwiqondo lobushushu legumbi.Ukwamkelwa kwe-ASTM A514, i-A517 kunye ne-A709 yeBanga le-100 kunye ne-100W yeentsimbi zentsimbi kufuneka zisekelwe ekuhloleni okubonakalayo ubuncinane kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokuba i-weld igqityiwe.
X
X
(6) Ubungakanani bentsimbi enganelanga
Ubungakanani bayo nayiphi na i-weld yefayili eqhubekayo engaphantsi kobungakanani obuxeliweyo obuchaziweyo (L) kwaye idibana nala maxabiso alandelayo (U) ayinakuhlawulwa:
LU
Ubungakanani obuchaziweyo be-weld (mm) Unciphiso oluvumelekileyo ngokwesiseko se-L (mm)
≤ 5 ≤ 1.6
6 ≤ 2.5
≥ 8 ≤ 3
Kuzo zonke iimeko, inxalenye engaphantsi kwe-weld inqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba idlule i-10% yobude be-weld.Umthungo we-welding odibanisa i-web ye-girder kunye ne-flange ayiyi kuba yaneleyo ngobukhulu ngaphakathi kwinqanaba leephelo ezimbini ze-beam kunye nobude obulingana nobubanzi obuphindwe kabini be-flange.
X
X
(7) I-Undercut
(A) Ii-undercuts zemathiriyeli ezinobukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-25mm azivumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuba zigqithe kwi-0.8mm, kodwa ii-undercuts ezine-cumulative undercut ye-50mm kunye nobuninzi be-1.5mm nakubuphi na ubude be-300mm zivumelekile.Kwizixhobo ezinobunzima obulingana okanye obungaphezulu kwe-25mm, i-undercut yayo nayiphi na ubude be-weld ithintelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba idlule kwi-1.5mm.
X
(B) Kumacandelo aphambili, phantsi kwawo nawuphi na umthwalo woyilo, xa i-weld ikubudlelwane obunqamlezileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-tensile, ubunzulu be-undercut bunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba bube ngaphezu kwe-0.25mm.Kwezinye iimeko, ubunzulu be-undercut buthintelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba bube bukhulu kuno-0.8mm.
X
(8) Stomata
(A) Ukungena ngokupheleleyo (i-CJP) i-groove welds ye-butt joints apho i-welds iguquguqukayo ukuya kuxinzelelo lwe-tensile olubalwayo, kwaye akukho zixhobo ezibonakalayo ze-tubular ezivumelekileyo.Kuzo zonke ezinye iiwelds ze-groove kunye ne-fillet, isixa seedayamitha ze-tubular porosity ebonakalayo elingana okanye ngaphezulu kwe-0.8mm ayisayi kudlula i-10mm kuyo nayiphi na i-25mm ubude kunye ne-20mm kuyo nayiphi na i-300mm ubude be-weld.
X
(B) Ukuphindaphinda kokwenzeka kwee-tubular pores kwi-welds ye-fillet akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuba kudlule i-1 nge-100mm yobude be-weld, kwaye ubuninzi be-diameter bunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba budlule kwi-2.5mm.Ezi zinxaxhi zilandelayo zezi: Kwi-welds zefillet ezidibanisa iziqina kwiwebhu, isixa seedayamitha ze-tubular porosity kufuneka zingagqithi kwi-10mm kuyo nayiphi na i-25mm ye weld ubude, kwaye mayingadluli kwi-20mm kuyo nayiphi na i-300mm ubude be weld.
X
(C) Ukungena ngokupheleleyo (CJP) i-groove welds ye-butt joints kubudlelwane obunqamlekileyo kuxinzelelo lwe-tensile olubalwayo, ngaphandle kwe-tubular pores.Kuzo zonke ezinye ii-welds ze-groove, ukuphindaphinda kwee-tubular pores akuyi kudlula i-1 nge-100mm yobude be-weld, kwaye ubuninzi be-diameter abuyi kudlula i-2.5mm.
X
Qaphela: “X” uthetha uhlobo loqhagamshelwano olufanelekileyo, ukungenanto kuthetha ukuba ayifanelekanga.
3. Izizathu kunye nohlalutyo lweziphene eziqhelekileyo ze-weld kunye namanyathelo okuthintela
1. Stomata
Indlela yokuwelda
unobangela
Amanyathelo okuthintela
Ukuwelda kwe-arc ngesandla
(1) I-electrode imbi okanye imanzi.
(2) I-weldment inomswakama, ioli okanye irusi.
(3) Isantya sewelding sikhawuleza kakhulu.
(4) Umsinga womelele kakhulu.
(5) Ubude be-arc abufanelekanga.
(6) Ubukhulu be-weldment bukhulu, kwaye ukupholisa kwentsimbi kuyakhawuleza kakhulu.
(1) Khetha i-electrode efanelekileyo kwaye ubeke ingqalelo ekomisweni.
(2) Coca icandelo elidityanisiweyo phambi kokuba udibanise.
(3) Nciphisa isantya se-welding ukuze igesi yangaphakathi ibaleke ngokulula.
(4) Sebenzisa umsinga ofanelekileyo ocetyiswa ngumenzi.
(5) Lungisa ubude be-arc obufanelekileyo.
(6) Yenza umsebenzi ofanelekileyo wokufudumeza.
I-CO2 yegesi ekhuselwe ukuwelda
(1) Izinto ezisisiseko zimdaka.
(2) Intambo ye-welding irusi okanye i-flux imanzi.
(3) I-welding yendawo engafanelekanga kunye nokukhethwa okungafanelekanga kocingo lwe-welding.
(4) Ubude obomileyo bude kakhulu, kwaye ukhuseleko lwegesi ye-CO2 alucokisiyo.
(5) Isantya somoya sikhulu kwaye akukho sixhobo sokukhusela umoya.
(6) Isantya sewelding sikhawuleza kakhulu kwaye ukupholisa kuyakhawuleza.
(7) Iintlantsi zentlantsi zincamathele kumbhobho, nto leyo ebangela uqhushululu lwerhasi.
(8) Irhasi inococeko olubi kwaye inobumdaka obuninzi (ingakumbi ukufuma).
(1) Nikelani ingqalelo ekucoceni inxalenye edityanisiweyo phambi kokuba i-welding.
(2) Khetha i-welding wire efanelekileyo kwaye uyigcine yomile.
(3) Intsimbi ye-welding kufuneka ingabi nasiphako, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka icoceke, kwaye ubukhulu bocingo lwe-welding kufuneka bufaneleke.
(4) Nciphisa ubude bobude obomileyo kwaye ulungelelanise ukuhamba kwegesi efanelekileyo.
(5) Fakela izixhobo ze-windshield.
(6) Nciphisa isantya ukuvumela igesi yangaphakathi ukubaleka.
(7) Nika ingqalelo ukususa i-welding slag kwi-nozzle, kwaye usebenzise i-splash adhesion inhibitor ukwandisa ubomi bombhobho.
(8) Ukucoceka kwe-CO2 kungaphezulu kwe-99.98%, kwaye umxholo womswakama ungaphantsi kwe-0.005%.
Ukuwelda kwe-arc emanzini
(1) Kukho izinto ezingcolileyo ze-organic ezifana nomhlwa, ifilimu ye-oxide, igrisi, njl. kwi-weld.
(2) I-flux imanzi.
(3) Umjikelo ungcolisekile.
(4) Isantya sewelding sikhawuleza kakhulu.
(5) Ubude obungonelanga bokuhamba.
(6) Ukuphakama kwe-flux kukhulu kakhulu, ukwenzela ukuba i-gas ingabi lula ukuphepha (ingakumbi xa ubukhulu be-particle ubukhulu be-flux bulungile).
(7) Ucingo lwe-welding lugqwalile okanye lufakwe ioli.
(8) I-polarity ayifanelekanga (ingakumbi xa i-docking ingcolile, iya kubangela iipores).
(1) I-weld kufuneka icolwe okanye itshiswe ngedangatye, ize isuswe ngebrashi yocingo.
(2) malunga nama-300 ℃ ukomisa
(3) Qaphela ukugcinwa kwe-flux kunye nokucocwa kwendawo kufuphi nenxalenye ye-welding ukuphepha ukuxutywa kwee-sundries.
(4) Nciphisa isantya welding.
(5) Umlomo wetyhubhu yerabha ephumayo kufuneka ulungelelaniswe phezulu.
(6) Umbhobho werubha ophumayo kufuneka ulungelelaniswe ngaphantsi, kwaye ukuphakama okufanelekileyo yi-30-40mm kwimeko ye-welding ngokuzenzekelayo.
(7) Tshintsha ucingo lwe-welding ecocekileyo.
(8) Guqula uxhulumaniso lwangoku oluthe ngqo (DC-) kunxibelelwano oluthe ngqo lwangoku lwangoku (DC +).
izixhobo ezimbi
(1) Itheyibhile yokunciphisa ipholile, kwaye igesi ayikwazi ukuphuma.
(2) Umlomo uvalwe sisitshizi sentlantsi.
(3) Ucingo lwe-welding luneoli kunye nomhlwa.
(1) Xa kungekho sixhobo sokufudumeza sombane esincanyathiselwe kwisilawuli segesi, kufuneka kufakwe isifudumezi sombane, kunye nesantya sokuhamba kombane kufuneka sijongwe kwangaxeshanye.
(2) Coca isitshizi somlomo rhoqo.Kwaye igqunywe nge-splash adhesion inhibitor.
(3) Musa ukuchukumisa ioli xa ucingo lwe-welding lugcinwa okanye lufakwe.
I-self-shielded flux-cored wire
(1) Umbane uphezulu kakhulu.
(2) Ubude obuphumayo bocingo lwe-welding bufutshane kakhulu.
(3) Kukho umhlwa, ipeyinti kunye nokufuma kumphezulu wepleyiti yentsimbi.
(4) I-angle yokutsala yetotshi ye-welding ithambekele kakhulu.
(5) Isantya esihambayo sikhawuleza kakhulu, ngakumbi kwi-welding ethe tye.
(1) Nciphisa amandla ombane.
(2) Sebenzisa ngokwemiyalelo eyahlukeneyo yocingo lwe-welding.
(3) Coca ngaphambi kokuba udibanise.
(4) Nciphisa i-angle yokutsala ukuya malunga ne-0-20 °.
(5) Lungisa kakuhle.
3. I-Undercut
Indlela yokuwelda
unobangela
Amanyathelo okuthintela
Ukuwelda kwe-arc ngesandla
(1) Umsinga womelele kakhulu.
(2) Intonga ye-welding ayifanelekanga.
(3) I-arc inde kakhulu.
(4) Indlela yokusebenza engafanelekanga.
(5) Izinto ezisisiseko zimdaka.
(6) Isiseko sesinyithi sishushu.
(1) Sebenzisa umsinga osezantsi.
(2) Khetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kunye nobukhulu bentonga ye-welding.
(3) Gcina ubude obufanelekileyo be-arc.
(4) Sebenzisa i-engile echanekileyo, isantya esicothayo, i-arc emfutshane kunye nendlela yokubaleka emxinwa.
(5) Susa amabala e-oyile okanye umhlwa kwisiseko sesinyithi.
(6) Sebenzisa i-electrode enedamitha ezincinci.
I-CO2 yegesi ekhuselwe ukuwelda
(1) I-arc inde kakhulu kwaye isantya se-welding sikhawuleza kakhulu.
(2) Ngexesha le-welding ye-fillet, ukulungelelaniswa kwe-electrode ayilunganga.
(3) I-welding ijika ngokuthe nkqo okanye ukusebenza kakubi, ukwenzela ukuba amacala amabini e-weld bead azaliswe ngokwaneleyo kwaye angaphantsi.
(1) Nciphisa ubude be-arc kunye nesantya.
(2) Ngexesha le-welding ye-fillet ene-horizontal, indawo yocingo lwe-welding kufuneka ibe yi-1-2mm kude ne-intersection.
(3) Lungisa indlela yokusebenza.
4. Ukufakwa kwe-slag
Indlela yokuwelda
unobangela
Amanyathelo okuthintela
Ukuwelda kwe-arc ngesandla
(1) I-slag ye-welding yangaphambili ayisuswanga ngokupheleleyo.
(2) I-welding current iphantsi kakhulu.
(3) Isantya sewelding sicotha kakhulu.
(4) I-electrode swing ibanzi kakhulu.
(5) Ukudibanisa i-weld embi kunye noyilo.
(1) Susa ngokupheleleyo umaleko we-welding slag.
(2) Sebenzisa umsinga ophezulu.
(3) Yandisa isantya se-welding.
(4) Nciphisa ububanzi be-swing ye-electrode.
(5) Lungisa i-engile efanelekileyo yegroove kunye nokukhutshwa.
I-CO2 yegesi ye-arc welding
(1) Isiseko sesinyithi sithambekele (ekwehleni) ukuqhubela phambili i-welding slag.
(2) Emva kwe-welding yangaphambili, i-welding slag ayicocekanga.
(3) Umsinga uncinci kakhulu, isantya sicotha, kwaye umthamo wokuwelda mkhulu.
(4) Xa ukuwelda ngendlela eya phambili, i-welding slag kwindawo yokubeka ingaphambili kakhulu.
(1) Beka i-weldment kwindawo ethe tye kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
(2) Nikela ingqalelo kucoceko lwentsimbi yentsimbi nganye.
(3) Yandisa isantya sangoku kunye ne-welding ukwenza i-welding slag idada lula.
(4) Ukwandisa isantya welding
Ukuwelda kwe-arc emanzini
(1) Ulwalathiso lwe-welding luthambekele kwisiseko sesinyithi, ngoko i-slag ihamba phambili.
(2) Ngexesha le-welding ye-multi-layer, i-grooved surface iyancibilika ngocingo lwe-welding, kwaye ucingo lwe-welding lusondele kakhulu kwicala le-groove.
(3) Ukufakwa kwe-slag kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kwindawo yokuqala ye-welding apho kukho i-plate yesikhokelo.
(4) Ukuba i-current incinci kakhulu, kukho i-welding slag eseleyo phakathi kweeleyile zesibini, kwaye iintanda zenziwe ngokulula xa udibanisa amacwecwe amancinci.
(5) Isantya welding iphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza i-welding slag phambili.
(6) I-arc voltage yomgca wokugqibela wokugqiba iphezulu kakhulu, ibangela ukuba i-slag ye-welding yamahhala ivuselele ekupheleni kwe-weld bead.
(1) I-welding kufuneka iguqulwe kwicala elichaseneyo, okanye isiseko sesinyithi kufuneka sitshintshwe ukuya kwicala elithe tye kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
(2) Umgama phakathi kwecala lendawo yokubeka kunye nocingo lwe-welding kufuneka ubuncinane ube mkhulu kunobubanzi bocingo lwe-welding.
(3) Ubukhulu bepleyiti yesikhokelo kunye nokumila kwendawo yokubeka kufuneka kufane nesiseko sesinyithi.
(4) Ukwandisa i-welding current ukwenza i-residual welding slag inyibilike ngokulula.
(5) Ukwandisa i-welding yangoku kunye nesantya se-welding.
(6) Nciphisa i-voltage okanye ukwandisa isantya se-welding.Ukuba kuyimfuneko, umaleko wekhava utshintshwa ukusuka kwi-welding eyodwa-pass welding ukuya kwi-multi-pass welding.
I-self-shielded flux-cored wire
(1) Umbane we-arc uphantsi kakhulu.
(2) I-arc yocingo lwe-welding ayifanelekanga.
(3) Ucingo lokuwelda luphuma lude kakhulu.
(4) Umsinga uphantsi kakhulu kwaye isantya sokuwelda sicotha kakhulu.
(5) I-slag yokuqala ye-welding ayizange isuswe ngokwaneleyo.
(6) Ipasi yokuqala ayidityaniswanga kakuhle.
(7) Umsele umxinwa kakhulu.
(8) Iiwelds zithambeka ezantsi.
(1) Lungisa kakuhle.
(2) Yongeza uqheliselo olungakumbi.
(3) Landela imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kweengcingo ezahlukeneyo ze-welding.
(4) Lungisa i-welding parameters.
(5) Icace ngokupheleleyo
(6) Sebenzisa i-voltage efanelekileyo kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwi-arc ye-swing.
(7) Lungisa i-engile efanelekileyo yegroove kunye nokukhutshwa.
(8) Lala, okanye uhambe ngokukhawuleza.
5. Ukungena okungaphelelanga
Indlela yokuwelda
unobangela
Amanyathelo okuthintela
Ukuwelda kwe-arc ngesandla
(1) Ukukhetha okungafanelekanga kwee-electrodes.
(2) Umsinga uphantsi kakhulu.
(3) Isantya se-welding sikhawuleza kakhulu, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa akwanele, kwaye isantya sicotha kakhulu, i-arc impulse ivalwe yi-slag ye-welding, kwaye ayinakunikwa kwisiseko sesinyithi.
(4) Uyilo lwe-weld kunye nokudibanisa akuchanekanga.
(1) Sebenzisa i-electrode engena ngakumbi.
(2) Sebenzisa umsinga ofanelekileyo.
(3) Sebenzisa isantya esifanelekileyo sokuwelda endaweni yoko.
(4) Yandisa iqondo lokugrumba, ukwandisa isithuba, kwaye unciphise ubunzulu beengcambu.
I-CO2 yegesi ekhuselwe ukuwelda
(1) I-arc incinci kakhulu kwaye isantya se-welding siphantsi kakhulu.
(2) I-arc inde kakhulu.
(3) Uyilo lokubeka olubi.
(1) Ukwandisa i-welding current kunye nesantya.
(2) Nciphisa ubude be-arc.
(3) Yandisa idigri yokubeka.Yandisa isithuba kwaye unciphise ubunzulu beengcambu.
I-self-shielded flux-cored wire
(1) Umsinga uphantsi kakhulu.
(2) Isantya sewelding sicotha kakhulu.
(3) Umbane uphezulu kakhulu.
(4) Ujingi olungafanelekanga lwe-arc.
(5) I-engile ye-bevel engafanelekanga.
(1) Yandisa umsinga.
(2) Yandisa isantya se-welding.
(3) Nciphisa amandla ombane.
(4) Ziqhelise ngakumbi.
(5) Sebenzisa i-engile enkulu yokubeka.
6. Ukuqhekeka
Indlela yokuwelda
unobangela
Amanyathelo okuthintela
Ukuwelda kwe-arc ngesandla
(1) I-weldment iqulethe izinto eziphezulu kakhulu ze-alloy ezifana nekhabhoni kunye ne-manganese.
Indlela yokuwelda
unobangela
Amanyathelo okuthintela
Ukuwelda kwe-arc ngesandla
(1) I-weldment iqulethe izinto eziphezulu kakhulu ze-alloying ezifana nekhabhoni kunye ne-manganese.
(2) Umgangatho we-electrode umpofu okanye umanzi.
(3) Uxinzelelo lokuthintela lwe-weld lukhulu kakhulu.
(4) Umxholo wesulfure we-busbar uphezulu kakhulu, ongafanelekanga ukuwelda.
(5) Amalungiselelo aneleyo okwakha.
(6) Ubukhulu besiseko sesinyithi bukhulu kwaye ukupholisa kukhawuleza kakhulu.
(7) Umsinga womelele kakhulu.
(8) I-weld pass yokuqala ayanelanga ukumelana noxinzelelo lokuncipha.
(1) Sebenzisa i-electrode ye-hydrogen ephantsi.
(2) Sebenzisa i-electrodes efanelekileyo kwaye ubeke ingqalelo ekomisweni.
(3) Phucula uyilo lwesakhiwo, nikela ingqalelo kulandelelwano lwe-welding, kwaye uqhube unyango lobushushu emva kwe-welding.
(4) Kuphephe ukusebenzisa intsimbi embi.
(5) Ukufudumala okanye ukufudumeza emva kokufudumala kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngexesha lokutshisa.
(6) Ukutshisa isiseko sentsimbi kwaye uyipholise ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-welding.
(7) Sebenzisa umsinga ofanelekileyo.
(8) Intsimbi ye-welding ye-welding yokuqala kufuneka ixhathise ngokupheleleyo uxinzelelo lwe-shrinkage.
I-CO2 yegesi ekhuselwe ukuwelda
(1) I-engile yokubeka incinci kakhulu, kwaye iintanda ezimile okwepere kunye ne-weld bead ziya kwenzeka ngexesha le-welding ephezulu yangoku.
(2) Umxholo wekhabhoni wesiseko sesinyithi kunye nezinye i-alloys ziphezulu kakhulu (i-weld bead kunye ne-hot shadow zone).
(3) Xa iwelding multi-layer, umaleko wokuqala weld bead incinci kakhulu.
(4) Ulandelelwano lwe-welding olungafanelekanga, olubangela ukunyanzeliswa kwamandla okubopha.
(5) Ucingo lokuwelda lumanzi, kwaye i-hydrogen ingena kwi-weld bead.
(6) Ipleyiti yomkhono ayidityaniswanga ngokuqinileyo, okubangela ukungalingani kunye nokugxininiswa koxinzelelo.
(7) Ukupholisa kucotha (insimbi engenasici, i-aluminium alloy, njl.) ngenxa yobuninzi be-welding yomgangatho wokuqala.
(1) Nika ingqalelo kukulungelelaniswa kwe-engile yokubeka efanelekileyo kunye nomsinga, kwaye ukwandisa i-engile yokubeka ukuba kuyimfuneko.
(2) Sebenzisa i-electrodes enomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni.
(3) Intsimbi yokuqala ye-welding kufuneka ixhathise ngokwaneleyo kuxinzelelo lwe-shrinkage.
(4) Phucula uyilo lwesakhiwo, ubeke ingqalelo kulandelelwano lwe-welding, kwaye uqhube unyango lobushushu emva kwe-welding.
(5) Nika ingqalelo ekugcinweni kocingo lwe-welding.
(6) Nika ingqalelo ukuchaneka kokudibanisa i-weldment.
(7) Nika ingqalelo kwisantya esichanekileyo sangoku kunye nesantya se-welding.
Ukuwelda kwe-arc emanzini
(1) I-welding wire kunye ne-flux esetyenziselwa isiseko sentsimbi ye-weld ayihambelani ngokufanelekileyo (isiseko sesinyithi siqulethe i-carbon eninzi, kwaye isinyithi socingo siqulethe i-manganese encinci).
(2) I-weld bead ipholiswa ngokukhawuleza ukwenza lukhuni indawo echatshazelwe bubushushu.
(3) Ubungakanani bekhabhoni kunye nesalfure kucingo lokuwelda likhulu kakhulu.
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(5) Ukungena ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukwahlula ngexesha le-fillet welding.
(6) Ukulandelelana kokwakhiwa kwe-welding ayilunganga, kwaye amandla okubopha isiseko sesinyithi sikhulu.
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(1) Sebenzisa ucingo lwe-welding olunomxholo ophezulu we-manganese.Xa isiseko sesinyithi sinekhabhoni eninzi, amanyathelo okushisa kufuneka athathwe.
(2) I-welding current kunye ne-voltage kufuneka inyuswe, isantya se-welding kufuneka sincitshiswe, kwaye isiseko sesinyithi kufuneka sifudunyezwe.
(3) Buyisela ucingo lwe welding.
(4) Intsimbi yokuwelda yomaleko wokuqala we-weld bead kufuneka ixhathise ngokupheleleyo uxinzelelo lokuncipha.
(5) Ukunciphisa i-welding current kunye nesantya se-welding kwaye utshintshe i-polarity.
(6) Nikela ingqalelo kwiindlela zokwakha ezimiselweyo kwaye unike imiyalelo yemisebenzi yokuwelda.
(7) Umlinganiselo we-weld bead ububanzi ukuya kubunzulu malunga ne-1: 1:25, i-current iyancipha kwaye i-voltage iyanda.
7. Utshintsho
Indlela yokuwelda
unobangela
Amanyathelo okuthintela
ukuwelda ngesandla
I-CO2 yegesi ekhuselwe ukuwelda
I-self-shielded flux-cored wire welding
Ukuwelda kwe-arc okuzenzekelayo
(1) Iileyiti zokuwelda ezininzi kakhulu.
(2) Ukulandelelana kwe-welding engafanelekanga.
(3) Amalungiselelo aneleyo okwakha.
(4) Ukupholisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwesiseko sesinyithi.
(5) Isiseko sesinyithi sishushu.(iphepha)
(6) Uyilo lwe-weld olungafanelekanga.
(7) Intsimbi eninzi kakhulu iyadityaniswa.
(8) Indlela yokuthintela ayichanekanga.
(1) Sebenzisa i-electrodes ene-diameter enkulu kunye nemisinga ephezulu.
(2) Lungisa ulandelelwano lwe-welding
(3) Phambi kwe-welding, sebenzisa i-fixture ukulungisa i-weldment ukuphepha ukulwa.
(4) Gwema ukupholisa ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukufudumala kwesiseko sesinyithi.
(5) Sebenzisa i-welding consumables kunye nokungena okuphantsi.
(6) Nciphisa umsantsa we-weld kwaye unciphise inani leendawo zokubeka.
(7) Nikelani ingqalelo kubungakanani bentsimbi kwaye musa ukwenza i-weld bead ibe nkulu kakhulu.
(8) Nika ingqalelo kumanyathelo okulungisa ukuthintela ukuguquka.
8. Ezinye iziphene ze-welding
Indlela yokuwelda
unobangela
Amanyathelo okuthintela
ukugqithelana
(1) Umsinga uphantsi kakhulu.
(2) Isantya sewelding sicotha kakhulu.
(1) Sebenzisa umsinga ofanelekileyo.
(2) Sebenzisa isantya esifanelekileyo.
Inkangeleko yentsimbi ye-weld embi
(1) Intonga ye-welding eneziphene.
(2) Indlela yokusebenza ayifanelekanga.
(3) Umjelo we-welding uphezulu kakhulu kwaye ububanzi be-electrode bukhulu kakhulu.
(4) I-weldment ishushu kakhulu.
(5) Kwi-weld bead, indlela ye-welding ayilungile.
(6) Incam yoqhagamshelwano igugile.
(7) Ubude bokwandiswa kocingo lwe-welding buhlala bungatshintshi.
(1) Khetha i-electrode eyomileyo yobukhulu obufanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho omhle.
(2) Yamkela iyunifomu kunye nesantya esifanelekileyo kunye nokulandelelana kwe-welding.
(3) Khetha i-welding ngokufanelekileyo ngoku kunye nobubanzi.
(4) Nciphisa umsinga.
(5) Ziqhelise ngakumbi.
(6) Faka indawo yengcebiso yoqhagamshelwano.
(7) Gcina ubude obumiselweyo kwaye ube nobuchule.
isibofo
(1) Ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kweentonga ze-welding.
(2) I-electrode imanzi.
(3) Ukupholisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwesiseko sesinyithi.
(4) I-electrodes engcolileyo kunye nokwahlulwa kwee-weldments.
(5) Amacandelo ekhabhoni kunye nemanganese kwiweldment aphezulu kakhulu.
(1) Sebenzisa i-electrode efanelekileyo, ukuba ayikwazi ukupheliswa, sebenzisa i-electrode ephantsi ye-hydrogen.
(2) Sebenzisa i-electrodes eyomileyo.
(3) Ukunciphisa isantya se-welding kwaye ugweme ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza.Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-preheating okanye i-postheating.
(4) Sebenzisa i-electrode yodidi lwehydrogen elungileyo ephantsi.
(5) Sebenzisa i-electrodes enetyuwa ephezulu.
iarc inxalenye
(1) Ngexesha le-DC welding, intsimi yamagnetic eyenziwa yi-weldment ayilingani, eyenza i-arc ijike.
(2) Indawo yocingo lomhlaba ayilungile.
(3) I-engile yokutsala yetotshi yokuwelda inkulu kakhulu.
(4) Ubude bokwandiswa kocingo lwe-welding mfutshane kakhulu.
(5) Umbane uphezulu kakhulu kwaye i-arc inde kakhulu.
(6) Umsinga mkhulu kakhulu.
(7) Isantya sewelding sikhawuleza kakhulu.
(1) Beka ucingo lomhlaba kwelinye icala le-arc, okanye i-weld kwelinye icala, okanye usebenzise i-arc emfutshane, okanye ulungise i-magnetic field ukuze ifane ngakumbi, okanye utshintshe kwi-welding ye-AC.
(2) Lungisa indawo yocingo lomhlaba.
(3) Nciphisa i-engile yokutsalwa kwetotshi.
(4) Ukwandisa ubude bokwandiswa kocingo lwe-welding.
(5) Nciphisa i-voltage kunye ne-arc.
(6) Lungisa ukusebenzisa umsinga ofanelekileyo.
(7) Isantya se-welding siyacotha.
tshisa ngapha
(1) Xa kukho i-welding efakiweyo, umsinga mkhulu kakhulu.
(2) Umsantsa phakathi kweewelds mkhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle.
(1) Nciphisa umsinga.
(2) Nciphisa umsantsa we-weld.
I-weld bead engalinganiyo
(1) Incam yoqhagamshelwano igugile, kwaye imveliso yocingo iyajika.
(2) Ukusebenza kwetotshi ye-welding ayinabuchule.
(1) Faka enye indawo yencam yokudibanisa i-welding entsha.
(2) Yenza uqheliselo olungakumbi.
Welding iinyembezi
(1) Umsinga mkhulu kakhulu kwaye isantya sewelding sicotha kakhulu.
(2) I-arc imfutshane kakhulu kwaye i-weld bead iphezulu.
(3) Ucingo lwe-welding aluhambelani ngokufanelekileyo.(xa i-fillet iwelding)
(1) Khetha isantya esichanekileyo sangoku kunye ne-welding.
(2) Yandisa ubude be-arc.
(3) I-welding wire ayifanele ibe kude kakhulu kwi-intersection.
Iintlantsi ezigqithisileyo
(1) Intonga ye-welding eneziphene.
(2) I-arc inde kakhulu.
(3) Umsinga uphezulu kakhulu okanye uphantsi kakhulu.
(4) Umbane we-arc uphezulu kakhulu okanye uphantsi kakhulu.
(5) Ucingo lokuwelda luphuma lude kakhulu.
(6) Itotshi yokuwelda ityekele kakhulu kwaye i-engile yokutsala inkulu kakhulu.
(7) Ucingo lwe-welding lune-hygroscopic ngokugqithisileyo.
(8) Umatshini wokuwelda ukwimeko embi.
(1) Sebenzisa i-electrode ezomileyo nezifanelekileyo.
(2) Sebenzisa i-arc emfutshane.
(3) Sebenzisa umsinga ofanelekileyo.
(4) Lungisa kakuhle.
(5) Landela imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kweengcingo ezahlukeneyo ze-welding.
(6) Yigcine ithe nkqo kangangoko kwaye uphephe ukuthambeka kakhulu.
(7) Nika ingqalelo kwimiqathango yokugcinwa kwendawo yokugcina impahla.
(8) Ukulungisa, nikela ingqalelo kwisondlo ngeentsuku zeveki.
Weld bead ezigzag
(1) Ucingo lokuwelda luphuma lude kakhulu.
(2) I-welding wire iphothiwe.
(3) Ukusebenza kakubi komgca othe ngqo.
(1) Sebenzisa ubude obufanelekileyo, umzekelo, ucingo oluqinileyo lunabela kuma-20-25mm xa umsinga mkhulu.Ubude obuphumayo bumalunga ne-40-50mm ngexesha le-self-shielded welding.
(2) Faka ucingo endaweni entsha okanye ulungise i-twist.
(3) Xa usebenza kumgca othe ngqo, itotshi ye-welding kufuneka igcinwe ngokuthe nkqo.
I-arc ayizinzanga
(1) Incam yoqhagamshelwano kumphambili wetotshi yokuwelda inkulu kakhulu kunobubanzi obungundoqo bocingo lwe-welding.
(2) Incam yoqhagamshelwano igugile.
(3) Ucingo lwe-welding lugobile.
(4) Ukujikeleza kocingo oluhambisayo alugudi.
(5) Umjelo wevili lokuhambisa ucingo ugugile.
(6) Ivili elicofayo alicofanga kakuhle.
(7) Ukuxhathisa kokudibanisa kombhobho kukhulu kakhulu.
(1) Ububanzi obungundoqo bocingo lwe-welding kufuneka luhambelane nencam yoqhagamshelwano.
(2) Faka enye indawo yengcebiso yoqhagamshelwano.
(3) Qinisa icrimp yocingo.
(4) I-oyile ishaft yokuhambisa ukuthambisa ukujikeleza.
(5) Tshintsha ivili lokuhambisa.
(6) Uxinzelelo kufuneka lufaneleke, ucingo oluxekekileyo lubi, ucingo oluxineneyo lonakele.
(7) Ukugoba kwecatheter kukhulu kakhulu, lungisa kwaye unciphise inani lokugoba.
I-arc yenzeka phakathi komlomo kunye nesiseko sesinyithi
(1) Isiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kwe-nozzle, i-conduit okanye i-tip yoqhagamshelwano.
(1) Izinti ze-spark spatter kunye nomlomo zininzi kakhulu ukuba zingasuswa, okanye sebenzisa ityhubhu ye-ceramic enokhuselo lobushushu lwetotshi yokuwelda.
Welding umlomo wetotshi ukutshisa ngokugqithisileyo
(1) Amanzi okupholisa akakwazi ukuphuma ngokwaneleyo.
(2) Umsinga mkhulu kakhulu.
(1) Umbhobho wamanzi okupholisa uvaliwe.Ukuba umbhobho wamanzi okupholisa uvalekile, kufuneka ususwe ukuze uxinzelelo lwamanzi lunyuke kwaye luhambe ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
(2) Itotshi ye-welding isetyenziswe ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elivumelekileyo langoku kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa.
Ucingo lunamathela kwincam yoqhagamshelwano
(1) Umgama phakathi kwencam yoqhagamshelwano kunye nesiseko sesinyithi sifutshane kakhulu.
(2) Ukunganyangeki kwecatheter kukhulu kakhulu kwaye ukondla ngocingo kubi.
(3) Umsinga mncinci kakhulu kwaye amandla ombane mkhulu kakhulu.
(1) Sebenzisa umgama ofanelekileyo okanye umgama omde kancinane ukuqala i-arc, uze ulungelelanise umgama ofanelekileyo.
(2) Coca ngaphakathi kwi-catheter ukuze unikezelo lula.
(3) Lungisa amaxabiso afanelekileyo akhoyo kunye nombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-07-2022