Ukuwelda kubhekisa ekudityanisweni okanye ekudibaniseni amaqhekeza ngokusebenzisa ubushushu kunye/okanye ukucinezela ukuze amaqhekeza enze ukuqhubeka.Umthombo wobushushu kwi-welding idla ngokuba ngumlilo we-arc oveliswa ngumbane we-welding power supply.I-arc-based welding ibizwa ngokuba yi-arc welding.
Ukuxutywa kwamaqhekeza kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokusekelwe kubushushu obuveliswa yi-arc ukwenzela ukuba iziqwenga ze-welding zinyibilike kunye.Le ndlela ingasetyenziswa kwi-TIG welding, umzekelo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isinyithi sokuzalisa, nangona kunjalo, siyancibilika kwi-welding seam, okanye i-weld, mhlawumbi isebenzisa i-wire feeder ngokusebenzisa i-welding gun (i-MIG / MAG ye-welding) okanye ngokusebenzisa i-electrode ye-welding manual.Kule meko, isinyithi sokuzalisa kufuneka sibe malunga nendawo yokunyibilika efanayo kunye nezinto ezidibeneyo.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale nge-welding, imiphetho yeenqununu ze-weld zibunjwe kwi-welding groove efanelekileyo, umzekelo, i-V groove.Njengoko i-welding iqhubela phambili, i-arc idibanisa imiphetho ye-groove kunye ne-filler, idala i-weld pool etyhidiweyo.
Ukuze i-weld ibe yinto ehlala ixesha elide, i-weld pool etyhidiweyo kufuneka ikhuselwe kwi-oxygenation kunye nemiphumo yomoya ojikelezayo, umzekelo ngeegesi zokukhusela okanye i-slag.Irhasi ekhuselayo ifakwa kwidama elinyibilikayo le-weld kunye netotshi yokuwelda.I-electrode ye-welding nayo ifakwe kwizinto ezivelisa igesi yokukhusela kunye ne-slag phezu kwe-weld pool etyhidiweyo.
Ezona zinto ziqhele ukuwelda zintsimbi, ezifana ne-aluminiyam, intsimbi ethambileyo, kunye nentsimbi engaxutywanga.Kwakhona, iiplastiki zinokudityaniswa.Kwi-welding yeplastiki, umthombo wobushushu ngumoya oshushu okanye i-resistor yombane.
WElding ARC
I-arc ye-welding efunekayo kwi-welding kukuqhuma kombane phakathi kwe-electrode ye-welding kunye ne-weld piece.I-arc iveliswa xa i-voltage pulse eyaneleyo yenziwa phakathi kwamaqhekeza.Kwi-TIG welding le nto inokufezekiswa ngokutshisa i-trigger okanye xa izinto ezidibeneyo zibethelwa nge-electrode ye-welding (i-strike ignition).
Ngaloo ndlela, amandla ombane akhutshwa njengebhawudi yombane evumela umbane ukuba udlule kwisithuba somoya, nto leyo eyenza i-arc eneqondo lobushushu elingamawaka aliqela eedegrees centigrade, ubuninzi obufikelela kwi-10,000 ⁰Cdegrees (18,000 degrees Fahrenheit).Umjelo oqhubekayo ovela kumandla ombane we-welding ukuya kwi-workpiece ye-welding isungulwe nge-electrode ye-welding, kwaye ngoko ke i-workpiece kufuneka igxininiswe ngentambo yokumisa kumatshini we-welding ngaphambi kokuba i-welding iqaliswe.
Kwi-MIG / MAG i-welding i-arc isekwa xa izinto zokuzalisa zithinta umphezulu we-workpiece kwaye i-short-circuit yenziwe.Emva koko i-current short-circuit current esebenzayo inyibilika isiphelo socingo lokuzalisa kwaye i-arc ye-welding isungulwe.Kwi-weld egudileyo kunye neyomeleleyo, i-arc ye-welding kufuneka izinzile.Ngoko ke kubalulekile kwi-MIG / MAG ye-welding ukuba i-voltage ye-welding kunye nesantya sokutya kweengcingo ezifanelekileyo kwizinto ze-weld kunye nobukhulu bazo zisetyenziswa.
Ukongezelela, indlela yokusebenza ye-welder ichaphazela ukuguquguquka kwe-arc kwaye, emva koko, umgangatho we-weld.Umgama we-electrode ye-welding ukusuka kwi-groove kunye nesantya esizinzileyo se-welding torch ibalulekile kwi-welding ephumelelayo.Ukuvavanya umbane ochanekileyo kunye nesantya sokutya kweengcingo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobuchule bomtshisi.
Oomatshini bokuwelda banamhlanje, nangona kunjalo, baneempawu ezininzi ezenza umsebenzi we-welder ube lula, njengokugcina useto lwe-welding olusetyenzisiweyo ngaphambili okanye ukusebenzisa i-curves ye-synergy esele isetyenzisiwe, eyenza kube lula ukuseta iiparamitha zokuwelda kumsebenzi okhoyo.
UKUKHUSELA IGASI KWI-WElding
Irhasi yokukhusela ihlala idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso kunye nomgangatho we-welding.Njengoko igama layo libonisa, irhasi ekhuselayo ikhusela i-weld etyhidiweyo eqinisiweyo kwi-oxygenation kunye nokungcola kunye nokufuma emoyeni, okunokuthi kwenze buthathaka ukunyamezela ukubola kwe-weld, ivelise iziphumo ezinobungozi, kwaye yenze buthathaka ukuqina kwe-weld ngokutshintsha i-weld. iimpawu zejometri zomdibaniso.Irhasi ekhuselayo nayo iyawupholisa umpu we welding.Ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zikhusela igesi yiargon, ihelium, icarbon dioxide, kunye neoksijini.
Irhasi yokukhusela ingaba inert okanye isebenze.Irhasi ye-inert ayiphenduli kunye ne-weld etyhidiweyo nakanye ngelixa igesi esebenzayo ithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ye-welding ngokuzinzisa i-arc kunye nokukhusela ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwi-weld.Igesi engasebenziyo isetyenziswa kwi-MIG welding (i-metal-arc inert gas welding) ngelixa i-gas esebenzayo isetyenziswa kwi-MAG welding (i-metal-arc esebenzayo ye-gas welding).
Umzekelo wegesi ye-inert yi-argon, engaphenduliyo nge-weld etyhidiweyo.Yeyona gesi isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-TIG welding.ICarbon dioxide kunye neoksijini, nangona kunjalo, zisabela kunye ne-weld etyhidiweyo njengoko kwenza umxube we-carbon dioxide kunye ne-argon.
IHelium (Yena) ikwayigesi ekhuselayo engasebenziyo.I-Helium kunye ne-helium-argon imixube isetyenziswa kwi-TIG kunye ne-MIG welding.I-Helium ibonelela ngokungena kwecala elingcono kunye nesantya esikhulu se-welding xa kuthelekiswa ne-argon.
I-Carbon dioxide (CO2) kunye ne-oxygen (O2) ziigesi ezisebenzayo ezisetyenziswa njengento ebizwa ngokuba yi-oxygening component ukuzinzisa i-arc kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwi-MAG welding.Umlinganiselo wale nxalenye yegesi kwi-gas yokukhusela inqunywe luhlobo lwensimbi.
IMIGANGATHO NEMIGANGATHO KWI-WElding
Imigangatho emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemimiselo isebenza kwiinkqubo ze-welding kunye nesakhiwo kunye neempawu zoomatshini bokuwelda kunye nezibonelelo.Ziqulethe iinkcazo, imiyalelo, kunye nezithintelo kwiinkqubo kunye nezakhiwo zoomatshini ukwandisa ukhuseleko lweenkqubo kunye noomatshini kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho weemveliso.
Umzekelo, umgangatho oqhelekileyo koomatshini be-arc welding yi-IEC 60974-1 ngelixa imigaqo yobugcisa yokuhanjiswa kunye neefom zemveliso, imilinganiselo, ukunyamezela, kunye neelebhile ziqulethwe kumgangatho we-SFS-EN 759.
UKHUSELEKO KWI-WElding
Kukho izinto ezininzi zomngcipheko ezinxulumene ne-welding.I-arc ikhupha ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kunye nemitha ye-ultraviolet, enokonakalisa amehlo.Iintsimbi ezityhidiweyo kunye neentlantsi zinokutshisa ulusu kwaye zibangele umngcipheko womlilo, kwaye umsi owenziwe kwi-welding unokuba yingozi xa uphefumlelwa.
Ezi ngozi zinokuphetshwa, nangona kunjalo, ngokuzilungiselela kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela.
Ukukhuselwa kwiingozi zomlilo kunokufezekiswa ngokujonga indawo ye-welding site kwangaphambili kunye nokususa izinto ezinokutsha ezikufutshane nesayithi.Ukongeza, izixhobo zokucima umlilo kufuneka zifumaneke lula.Abangaphandle abavumelekanga ukuba bangene kwindawo eyingozi.
Amehlo, iindlebe kunye nolusu kufuneka zikhuselwe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela.Imaski yewelding enescreen esiluzizi ikhusela amehlo, iinwele kunye neendlebe.Iiglavu zokuwelda ngesikhumba kunye nempahla yokuwelda eyomeleleyo, engatshiyo ikhusela iingalo nomzimba kwiintlantsi nakubushushu.
Umsi we-welding unokuphetshwa ngokungenisa umoya owaneleyo kwindawo yokusebenza.
IINDLELA ZOKUSHISA
Iindlela ze-welding zingahlelwa ngendlela esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ukushisa kwe-welding kunye nendlela izinto zokuzalisa zondliwa kwi-weld.Indlela ye-welding esetyenzisiweyo ikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwizinto eziza kuxutywa kunye nobukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo, ukuveliswa kwemveliso efunekayo, kunye nomgangatho obonakalayo ofunwayo we-weld.
Ezona ndlela zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuwelda i-MIG/MAG welding, TIG welding, kunye nentonga (manual metal arc) welding.Eyona nto indala, iyaziwa, kwaye isaxhaphake ngokufanelekileyo yi-MMA manual metal arc welding, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokusebenza zofakelo kunye neziza zangaphandle ezifuna ukufikelela kakuhle.
Indlela ecothayo ye-TIG ye-welding ivumela ukuvelisa iziphumo ze-welding ezintle kakhulu, kwaye ngoko ke isetyenziswe kwii-welds eziza kubonwa okanye ezifuna ukuchaneka okuthile.
I-MIG/MAG ye-welding yindlela eguquguqukayo ye-welding, apho izinto zokuzalisa zingadingeki zondliwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-weld etyhidiweyo.Endaweni yoko, ucingo lutyhutyha umpu wentsimbi orhangqwe yirhasi ekhuselayo uye ngqo kwi weld etyhidiweyo.
Zikwakho nezinye iindlela zokuwelda ezifanelekileyo iimfuno ezikhethekileyo, njengelaser, iplasma, indawo, i-arc entywilayo, i-ultrasound, kunye ne-friction welding.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-12-2022