1. Iimpawu eziphambili zesiseko sovavanyo lwenkqubo yoshishino lwesakhiwo sensimbi yokwakha
★ GB 50661
★ AWS D1.1
★ Eurocode
Uvavanyo lwenkqubo ye-Welding (EN ISO 15614): Indlela yokudibanisa kunye nokuvavanya ipaneli yovavanyo oluqhelekileyo ukujonga inkqubo ye-welding.
Uvavanyo lwe-welding consumables (EN ISO 15610): Indlela yokumisela iinkqubo ze-welding ngokuvavanya i-welding consumables.
Amava e-Welding yangaphambili (EN SIO 15611): Indlela yokufumana inkqubo ye-welding ngokuboniswa kwezakhono ze-welding zangaphambili ezanelisayo.
Inkqubo ye-welding eqhelekileyo (EN ISO 15612): Indlela yokufumana iinkqubo ze-welding usebenzisa imigaqo yenkqubo ye-welding eqhelekileyo.
Uvavanyo lwe-welding yangaphambili (i-EN ISO 15613:) Indlela yokumisela inkqubo ye-welding ngovavanyo lwe-welding yangaphambili.
Uvavanyo olonakalisayo lwe-welds kwizinto zetsimbi ze-EN ISO 9018: Uvavanyo lokuxinana komnqamlezo kunye nokudibanisa imilenze
★ JIS JASS6
2. Imixholo ephambili kunye neempawu zovavanyo lwenkqubo yokuchazwa kwenkqubo nganye
2.1 Umxholo kunye neempawu ze-GB50661 inkcazo yovavanyo lwenkqubo
(1) Imimiselo icacisa umda wokufaneleka kwenkqubo ye-welding ekufuneka yenziwe, kwaye ithathe indawo yemigaqo yokufaneleka kwenkqubo ye-welding;
(2) Inkqubo yokuvavanya inkqubo ye-welding kufuneka idityaniswe ngabasebenzi abanobuchule be-welding kwishishini lokwakha;
(3 Isiseko sesinyithi sahlulahlulwe ngamacandelo amane ngokwenqanaba lamandla;
(4) Ifom edibeneyo yesampula kunye nokulungiswa kwesampula yovavanyo;
(5) Ukukhululwa kumalungiselelo egatya lovavanyo:
①Iindlela ze-welding kunye nezikhundla ze-welding ezixolelwe kwisiqinisekiso
②Isiseko esixolelweyo sesinyithi / indibaniselwano yentsimbi yokuzalisa
③Ubuncinci bobushushu bokufudumeza kunye nobushushu bokugqitha
④Ubungakanani beweld
⑤ Iiparamitha zenkqubo yeWelding
⑥ Ukuwelda isakhiwo esidibeneyo
(6) Ngokwamalungiselelo ale nkcazo, iziqwenga zovavanyo lwe-welding, iisampuli zokusika, kunye neeyunithi zovavanyo ezinesiqinisekiso semfundo yesebe lolawulo lobugcisa nomgangatho wesizwe ziya kuqhuba uvavanyo novavanyo.
Iimbonakalo
(7) Ukufaneleka kwenkqubo ye-welding kufuneka ihlolwe ngokwahlukileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda kunye nezikhundla ze-welding;
(8) Imizekelo yokugoba iLongitudinal ayikhankanywanga kwimigaqo yovavanyo lokugoba, kwaye iintanda ezibonakala kwiikona aziphathwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo kumgangatho wemfundo;
(9) Akukho malungiselelo ovavanyo lwe-macroscopic metallographic kwipleyiti yovavanyo lwempundu.
2.2 Umxholo kunye neempawu zenkqubo yovavanyo lwenkqubo esemgangathweni ye-EN
(1) Iqela lesinyithi elisisiseko (EN 15608) alidityaniswanga yinkqubo yenkcazo yezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa idityaniswe ngokubunjwa kweekhemikhali, amandla kunye nesimo sokubonelela, ukwenzela ukuba iintsimbi ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo zifakwe kakuhle kweli qela Kwinkqubo, ukwabiwa kwamaqela ezinto eziphathekayo kwandisiwe.
(2) Iindlela zovavanyo lwenkqubo zibandakanya: EN ISO 15614, EN ISO 15610, EN ISO 15611, EN ISO 15612, EN ISO 15613 Abasebenzisi banokukhetha indlela efanelekileyo ngokwemeko yabo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokucaciswa.
(3) Inkcazo (i-EN ISO 15614-1) esebenzayo kwindlela yokuvavanya inkqubo ye-welding ye-arc welding yezakhiwo zentsimbi inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
① Inkqubo yokufaneleka kunye nesiqinisekiso se-welder;
② Ukuhlolwa kunye nobungqina benkqubo yovavanyo lokufaneleka;
③Ibhodi yovavanyo eqhelekileyo
④ Ukugubungela indawo ye-welding
⑤ Izinto zovavanyo lwenkqubo: ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, i-RT okanye i-UT, ukuhlolwa kokuqhekeka komhlaba (PT okanye MT), ukunyanzeliswa, ukugoba, ukuqina, impembelelo kunye novavanyo lwe-metallographic macroscopic;
⑥ Iimfuno zovavanyo lokugoba
⑦ Ubume besampulu kunye neendlela zokufaneleka zesampulu yempembelelo
2.3 AWSD1.1 umgangatho wovavanyo lwenkqubo umxholo kunye neempawu
(1) Izithintelo kwi-WPS yokukhululwa kuvavanyo:
① Indlela yokuwelda
② Isiseko sesinyithi / indibaniselwano yentsimbi yokuzalisa
③ Ubuncinci bobushushu be-preheat kunye ne-interpass
④ Unyino lwezahluko zeWPS
⑤ Ukulinganiselwa kobukhulu obudibeneyo kunye nokunyamezela
⑥ Fillet weld
⑦ Unyango lobushushu emva kweweld
(2) Iimfuno zeWPS ezixolelwe kuvavanyo:
① Iimfuno ngokubanzi
② Iimfuno ezizodwa
(2) Inkcazo ayifuni iziqinisekiso ze-welders abenza imisebenzi yokufaneleka kwenkqubo ye-welding;
(3) Isiseko sesinyithi sihlelwa ngokwe-ASTM, ABS kunye neenkcukacha ze-API;
(4) Iinkqubo ze-welding ezinokuthi zixolelwe kwisiqinisekiso zichaziwe kwaye izibonelelo ezicacileyo zenziwe, kwaye isiseko sesinyithi seenkqubo zesiqinisekiso esixolelweyo silinganiselwe kwezo zidweliswe kwinkcazo;
(5) Ukufaneleka kwenkqubo ye-welding kufuneka ihlolwe ngokwahlukileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-welding.Phakathi kwazo, i-GMAW ikwachaza uhlobo lokudluliselwa kwamaconsi.Kucacile ukuba i-GMAW-S ye-short-circuit transfer iyindlela ye-welding ezimeleyo kwaye kufuneka ihlolwe ngokwahlukileyo, ehambelana neenkcukacha ze-EN;
(6) Ukugubungela indawo ye-welding kwakhona kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kwinkcazo, engqongqo kune-EN nkcazo;
(7) Ifom edibeneyo yesampula kunye nokulungiswa kwesampula yovavanyo;
3. Ngawaphi amacandelo esiqinisekiso kwinkqubo ye-welding?
Isahluko sesi-4 se-AWSD1.1:2015 sibandakanya iinkqubo ezimbini ze-welding, iinkqubo "zokuxolelwa" kunye "nesiqinisekiso";esi sahluko sikwabandakanya iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo ezifunekayo kubashicileli, abasebenzisa i-welding kunye ne-spot welders.Ngokutsho kwe-AWS D1.1: i-2015 iSahluko se-3 "kwiiNkqubo zokuKhululwa", kwikhonkco yokuxolelwa, akukho mfuneko yokuvavanya iinkqubo ze-welding zeeprojekthi ezithile.Nangona kunjalo, i-AWS D1.1:2015 iSiqendu 4.19 sichaza ukuba ukutenxa okuchazwe kweli candelo kufuneka kuvavanywe ngeenkqubo ze-welding.Ukuvavanya inkqubo ye-welding kuthatha ixesha kwaye kuyabiza.Ukuba iimbumba ezidibeneyo zeprojekthi yangaphambili ziye zavavanywa, xa iinqununu ezifanayo ezidibeneyo zivela kwiprojekthi entsha, iinqununu ezisanda kuvela kufuneka zihlolwe kwakhona.Ngokunjalo, amaxwebhu ekhontrakthi ngamanye amaxesha achaza ukuba ukuphumeza ngokungenamkhethe iinkqubo zokurhoxisa kwiingcali zokuwelda kunokunyusa ngokungenamkhethe iindleko zenkqubo yokwakhiwa kwewelding iyonke.I-AWS D1.1:2015 Icandelo 4.19 lithi: Iirekhodi ezininzi ezibhaliweyo zibonisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-qualification-exempt joint welding ziyamkeleka ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso esiphindaphindiweyo.Ukongezelela, ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokukhululwa kwi-qualification ye-welders, i-welding operators, kunye ne-spot welders iyamkeleka ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso esiphindaphindiweyo, ngaphandle kokuba loo maxwebhu abhaliweyo achazwe kwi-AWS D1.1: 2015 Icandelo 4.24.phakathi kwexesha elichaziweyo lokuqinisekisa
4. Iimfuno zenkcazo yenkqubo nganye yenkqubo yovavanyo lwesiqinisekiso
4.1 GB50661 Iimfuno zezinto zoVavanyo lweNkqubo
4.2 Iimfuno zemigangatho ye-EN yezinto zovavanyo lwenkqubo yokufaneleka
4.3 Iimfuno zoMgangatho we-AWS kwizinto zoVavanyo lweNkqubo
4.4 Ukuthelekiswa kweenkcazo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lweemfuno zenkqubo
Vavanya uthelekiso lweprojekthi
Bend test uthelekiso
Uthelekiso lovavanyo lwempembelelo
4.5 Inkqubo ye-welding qualification coverage
Ubukhulu beqhekeza lovavanyo lufanelekile kuvavanyo lwe-GB kunye nobukhulu obusebenzayo kwiprojekthi
(1) Kwimibhobho enedayamitha yangaphandle engaphantsi kwe-600mm, ukugqunywa kwedayamitha akufuneki kube ngaphantsi kwedayamitha yangaphandle yenkqubo yovavanyo lwemibhobho;
Kwimibhobho ene-diameter yangaphandle ye-≥600mm, ukugubungela ububanzi bukhulu okanye bulingana no-600mm.
(2) Inkqubo yokufaneleka kwenkqubo yokuwelda kumalungu empundu yeepleyiti kunye nemibhobho enobubanzi obungaphandle obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-600mm inokutshintshwa enye kwenye.
(3) Isiphumo sovavanyo lwendawo ye-welding ethe tyaba inokutshintsha indawo ye-welding flat, kodwa kungekhona ngokuphambeneyo (ngaphandle kwe-stud welding).Izikhundla ze-welding ezithe nkqo kunye
Ezinye izikhundla ze-welding azitshintshi.
(4) I-welding enecala elinye i-welding epheleleyo ye-penetration joints kunye ne-backing plate kunye ne-backing plate ayinakutshintshwa;
Iyatshintsheka;iipads zezinto ezahlukeneyo azitshintshi.
Uvavanyo lwe-ISO EN lubandakanya ubukhulu bomzekelo ofanelekileyo kunye nobukhulu obusebenzayo bobunjineli
Uvavanyo lwe-AWS lubandakanya ubukhulu bomzekelo ofanelekileyo kunye nobukhulu obusebenzayo bobunjineli
4.6 Utshintsho kwiiparamitha zokufaneleka kwenkqubo yokuwelda kunye nokuthelekisa iimfuno zovavanyo kwakhona
5. Ixesha elilinganiselweyo lokufaneleka kwenkqubo ye-welding
Njengoxwebhu olubalulekileyo olukhokelayo lomsebenzi we-welding, ukubaluleka kokufaneleka kwenkqubo ye-welding kuyabonakala.Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi na iprojekthi kunye nokuphunyezwa kwawo nawuphi na umgangatho, ukufaneleka kwenkqubo ye-welding kufuneka ingeniswe kumnini okanye injineli eyongamelayo ukuze ihlolwe kwaye ivunywe ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi we-welding welding.Kuba uvandlakanyo lwenkqubo yokuwelda lubandakanya ukuwelda ipleyiti yovavanyo, uvavanyo lokusebenza koomatshini (kwekhemikhali), ukukhutshwa kwengxelo, ubungqina obungamelanga kunye namanye amakhonkco, ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu.Njengeshishini elizinzileyo, kuya kubakho isiseko sedatha yeziqinisekiso zenkqubo ye-welding.Ngaphambi kokuqala kweprojekthi entsha, iziqinisekiso zenkqubo efanelekileyo ziya kukhethwa kwisiseko sedatha ngokobuninzi beplate yeprojekthi, isiseko sesinyithi, i-welding consumables kunye nezinye izinto zokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokugcina imali.ixesha.Amaxesha amaninzi iinjineli azinikeli ngqalelo kwixesha elisemthethweni lovavanyo lwenkqubo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uvavanyo olungenisiweyo luphelelwe lixesha kwaye kulibazise ukungeniswa kwezinto.
Eli phepha lazisa ixesha elisemthethweni lokufaneleka kwenkqubo ye-welding yemigangatho eyahlukeneyo.
1. Umgangatho waseMelika – AWS D 1.1
I-American Standard ichaza ukuba inguqulelo yangaphambili yesiqinisekiso senkqubo isemthethweni kwaye ayinamda wexesha.
2. Umgangatho waseYurophu - EN 1090-2
1.1 Ixesha lokuphumla 1-3 iminyaka
Amabanga ezinto eziphathekayo aphezulu kune-S355 afuna iimvavanyo zeworkpiece ezihambelanayo ukuze zingqinwe.Uvavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa kuya kubandakanya inkangeleko, iradiographic okanye i-ultrasonic, isuntswana kazibuthe okanye ukungena ngaphakathi, i-macroscopic metallography kunye nokuqina.
1.2 Isithuba esingaphezu kweminyaka emi-3
a) Kwiintsimbi ze-S355 nangaphantsi, khetha i-metallography ye-macroscopic yokuvavanya.
b) Ngentsimbi engaphezulu kwe-S355, phinda uphonononge.
3. UMgangatho weSizwe – GB 50661
Ngaphandle kwamalungu anokuthi akhululwe kuvavanyo, ixesha lokuqinisekisa liyiminyaka emi-5 kwiiprojekthi zesakhiwo sensimbi yobunzima be-welding amabakala A, B kunye no-C. Kwiiprojekthi zesakhiwo sensimbi ezinobunzima be-welding level D, uvavanyo lwenkqubo ye-welding luya kwenziwa. ngokweprojekthi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-06-2022